Natural infection of Trypanosoma sp. in domestic sheep from Ecuador / Infecção natural do Trypanosoma sp. em ovelhas domésticas do Equador

Trypanosomosis in sheep is a hemoparasitic disease of worldwide interest due to its effects on the health of animals and the economic impact on producers, is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma sp. In the present study, the occurrence of Trypanosoma sp. in sheep from the urban-rural area of the canton Salitre was determined, through an applied study with a qualitative descriptive prospective cross-sectional approach, carried out between October 1, 2019, and February 19, 2020. Blood samples were extracted from the jugular vein and analyzed by the blood smear method using the Giemsa and Diff-Quick staining techniques. Previously, in a first study realized between 2018 and 2019, 2 cases (2%) of Trypanosoma sp., 1 case of Babesia sp. (1%), and 4 cases of Anaplasma marginale (4%) were identified, but without the presence of symptoms of the disease. However, in this new research study, of 170 animals sampled from 5 herds and aged between 3 and 8 years, 34 (20%) were positive for Trypanosoma sp., 6 for Babesia sp. (3.52%) and 6 for A. marginale (3.52%) with coinfection between them. In this research, deteriorated clinical aspects and low hematological values were also determined in positive animals; besides of the total of positive cases, 25 presented symptoms of hemoparasitic disease, 3 sheep had abortions and 8 died. The results of this study showed that Trypanosoma sp. could already become an endemic parasitosis in sheep in the country, representing a serious problem of animal health.

A tripanossomose em ovinos é uma doença hemoparasitária de interesse mundial devido a seus efeitos sobre a saúde dos animais e o impacto econômico sobre os produtores, Esta doença é causada pelo protozoário Trypanosoma sp. No presente estudo, foi determinada a ocorrência de Trypanosoma sp. em ovelhas da área urbano-rural do Cantão Salitre, através de um estudo aplicado com uma abordagem transversal descritiva qualitativa prospectiva, realizado entre dia primeiro de outubro de 2019, à 19 de fevereiro de 2020. Amostras de sangue foram extraídas da veia jugular e analisadas pelo método de esfregaço de sangue usando as técnicas de coloração Giemsa e Diff-Quick. Anteriormente, em um primeiro estudo realizado entre 2018 e 2019, dois casos (2%) de Trypanosoma sp., foram identificados um caso de Babesia sp. (1%), e quatro casos de Anaplasma marginale (4%), mas sem a presença de sintomas da doença. Entretanto, neste novo estudo de pesquisa, de 170 animais amostrados de cinco rebanhos e com idades entre três e oito anos, 34 (20%) foram positivos para Trypanosoma sp., seis para Babesia sp. (3,52%) e seis para A. marginale (3,52%) com coinfecção entre eles. Nesta pesquisa, aspectos clínicos deteriorados e baixos valores hematológicos também foram determinados em animais positivos; além do total de casos positivos, 25 apresentaram sintomas de doença hemoparasítica, três ovelhas tiveram abortos e oito morreram. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que o Trypanosoma sp. já poderia se tornar uma parasitose endêmica em ovinos no país, representando um grave problema de saúde animal.

The Effect of Water Parameters and Dissolved Minerals on the Hematological Parameters of during Breeding Period Catfish (Silurus glanis)

Abstract In this study, the blood parameters of catfish (Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758) inhabiting Çelik Lake (Adıyaman, Turkey) were investigated. The study was conducted between April 2013 and October 2013. After obtaining a blood sample from each catfish has been hematologically analyzed. Then, the water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, calcium, magnesium and nitrate values were determined at before breeding (April), breeding period (June - July) and after breeding of fish (October) and the impacts of these data on hematological values were investigated. According to this study, it was observed that the hematological values obtained at before breeding period, breeding and after the breeding period were affected by the water quality parameters.

Hematological and morphometric blood value of four cultured species of economically important tropical foodfish

The use and validation of fish health monitoring tools have become increasingly evident due to aquaculture expansion. This study investigated the hematology and blood morphometrics of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Brycon orbignyanus, Oreochromis niloticus and Rhamdia quelen. The fish were kept for 30 days in 300-liter aquariums, after which they were anesthetized with benzocaine and blood was collected from caudal vessels. In comparison to other species, B. orbignyanus presented the highest hematocrit (Ht), RBC averages and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) with a particular range of data. B. orbignyanus presented lower Ht, Hb, RBC averages and values, and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). Oreochromis niloticus presented lower Ht, Hb, RBC averages and values, and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). Rhamdia quelen and O. niloticus presented higher variation of White Blood Cells (WBC), neutrophils (Nf), lymphocytes (Lf), monocytes (Mf) and thrombocytes (Trb). Data of large axes (LA), minor axes (MA), surface (SF) and volume (VL) are in the same variance range. This study has demonstrated that hematological variances can occur between animals of different species as well as of the same species.

O uso e validação de ferramentas para monitorar o estado de saúde dos peixes está se tornando mais evidente, devido à expansão da aquicultura. Este estudo investigou a hematologia e a morfometria do sangue de Piaractus mesopotamicus, Brycon orbignyanus, Oreochromis niloticus e Rhamdia quelen. Os peixes foram mantidos por 30 dias em aquários de 300 litros, após esse período os peixes foram anestesiados com benzocaína e o sangue coletado por punção caudal. Em comparação com outras espécies B. orbignyanus apresentou maiores médias de hematócrito (Ht), eritrócitos (Eri) e volume corpuscular médio (VCM) com um determinado intervalo de dados. Oreochromis niloticus apresentou menor média e valor de Ht, Hb, eritrócitos e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM). Rhamdia quelen e O. niloticus apresentaram maior variedade de leucócitos (Leu), neutrófilos (Nf), linfócitos (Lf), monócitos (Mf) e de trombócitos (Trb). Dados de eixos maiores (EMA), eixos menores (EME), superfície (SF) e volume (VL) estão no mesmo intervalo de variação. Este estudo demonstrou que as variações hematológicas não ocorrem somente entre os animais de diferentes espécies, mas também entre os indivíduos da mesma espécie.

Parámetros fisiológicos y valores hematológicos normales en búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) del Magdalena Medio colombiano / Normal Physiological Parameters and Hematological Values in Water Buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) from the Colombian Middle Magdalena

El presente estudio se realizó en 171 animales de la hacienda La Suiza, ubicada en el municipiode Puerto Nare, Antioquia, con el fin de determinar los parámetros fisiológicos y valores hematológicos en búfalos de agua (Bubalus bubalis) del Magdalena Medio colombiano. Esta población fue seleccionada y catalogada en diferentes grupos de edades, así: menores de un año, 51 animales; de uno a tres años, 56 animales, y mayores de tres años, 64 animales. Se tomaron las frecuencias cardiaca, respiratoria, pulso, tiempo de llenado capilar, movimientos ruminales y temperatura a los mismos animales una vez al mes durante cuatro meses. Asi mismo,se les extrajo sangre de la vena yugular para análisis hematológico de hematocrito, proteínas plasmáticas totales, proteínas séricas totales y recuento leucocitario. Resultados: se encontraron rangos de referencia de parámetros fisiológicos y hematológicos en búfalos de agua de la hacienda La Suiza, en el Magdalena Medio colombiano...

This study was conducted with 171 animals from La Suiza Farm, located in the Municipalityof Puerto Nare, Antioquia, in order to determine the physiological parameters and hematologicalvalues in water buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) from the Colombian Middle Magdalena.This population was selected and classified into different age groups as follows: under oneyear of age, 51 animals; one to three years of age: 56 animals, and over three years of age: 64animals. Heart rate, breathing rate, pulse, capillary refill time, temperature and rumian movementswere taken from the same animals once a month for 4 months. Likewise, blood wasextracted from the jugular vein for hematologic analysis of hematocrit, total plasma protein,total serum protein and leukocyte count. Results: reference ranges of physiological and hematologicalparameters were found in water buffalos from La Suiza Farm in the ColombianMiddle Magdalena...

O presente estudo realizou-se em 171 animais da fazenda La Suiza, localizada no municípiode Puerto Nare, Antioquia, com o objetivo de determinar os parâmetros fisiológicos e valoreshematológicos em búfalos de água (Bubalus bubalis) do Magdalena Médio colombiano.Esta população foi selecionada e catalogada em diferentes grupos de idade, da seguinteforma: menores de um ano, 51 animais; de um a três anos, 56 animais, e maiores de trêsanos, 64 animais. Foram medias as frequências cardíacas, respiratória, pulso, tempo de preenchimentocapilar, movimentos ruminais e temperatura aos mesmos animais uma vez pormês, durante quatro meses. Da mesma forma, extraiu-se sangue da veia jugular para análisehematológica de hematócrito, proteínas plasmáticas totais, proteínas soro totais e recontagemde leucócitos. Resultados: foi encontrado faixas de referência de parâmetros fisiológicose hematológicos em búfalos de água da fazenda La Suiza, no Magdalena Médio colombiano...

Significant reduction in hematological values after plateletpharesis: clinical implication to the donor.

Background: Plateletpheresis procedures are thought to be generally safe without serious complications to the donor, and the products obtained are preferred over platelets derived from whole blood. However, safety issues about the donors have not been fully explored. Objective: Investigate changes in hematological values after plateletpheresis in healthy volunteer donors. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 76 healthy donors at the Transfusion Medicine Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia between 2004 and 2009. Haemonetics MCS+ and Trima accel (Gambro BCT) separators were used during plateletpheresis. Pre- and post-donation hematological values such as Hb, Hct, platelet, and leukocyte counts were measured using Sysmex XE-2100. Results: After each procedure, there was a significant reduction in hemoglobin (pre-donation: 14.9g/dl, postdonation: 14.7g/dL), hematocrit (pre-donation: 44.6%, post-donation: 44.1%), platelet count (pre-donation: 264.0x109/L, post-donation: 193.4x109/L), mean platelet volume (pre-donation: 10.0fL, post-donation: 9.7fL), and platelet distribution width (pre-donation: 12.3fL, post-donation: 11.8fL). Conclusion: There were significant drops in the donors hematological values post plateletpheresis.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses in blood donors of northwestern Pakistan.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are major health problems associated with blood transfusion practices in Pakistan. This study was conducted on a large population to asses the epidemiology of HCV and HIV in the North West Frontier Province (N.W.F.P) of Pakistan Methods: Between January 2008 and July 2009, 62,251 healthy blood donors (BDs), aged 17-50, were included. In that group, 61,059 (98.1%) were male and 1192 (1.9%) were female. All donors from the 11 areas of N.W.F.P were screened for HCV and HIV antibodies by ELISA (Biokit). Blood groups were also determined. Results: HCV prevalence was 2.6% while HIV infection was 0.045% in this Pakistani population. Prevalence of HCV and HIV in 2008 was 2.4% and 0.049% respectively. In 2009, it was 3.0% for HCV and 0.038 for HIV. Among the age groups, the prevalence of HCV and HIV was not significantly different (p=0.128). Only 1484 (2.4%) of the donors were voluntary, the remaining were paid and family blood donors. The difference in the number of male and female donors was highly significant (p=0.00001). The B+ blood group was found in 30.5% followed by O+ in 25.9%, A+ in 24.9%, AB+ in 10.4%, A- in 2.6%, B- in 2.5%, O- in 2.3%, and AB- in 0.9%. Our study revealed a higher prevalence of HIV than in most of previous reports. Conclusion: The frequency of HCV infection in blood donors is higher in N.W.F.P than in most of the rest of the world and lower than in other regions of Pakistan. Transfusion of infected blood is a common cause of transmission. HIV prevalence is increasing in Pakistan.

Valores Hematológicos de la Tortuga Verde (Chelonia mydas) presente en la Alta Guajira / Hematological Values of the Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Present in the High Guajira

La tortuga verde (Chelonia mydas) es probablemente la tortuga marina más conocida debido a su histórico valor alimenticio y la cantidad de investigaciones que han sido conducidas para su conservación, esta tortuga está declarada nacional e internacionalmente como Especie en Peligro de Extinción. Con la finalidad de obtener valores hematológicos de referencia de Ch. mydas, fueron capturadas un total de treinta tortugas colocando redes en la línea de costa del Golfo de Venezuela, alta Guajira. Se obtuvo sangre de los animales realizando punción de los senos cervicales dorsales; en las muestras extraídas se determinaron los parámetros: Recuento de Glóbulos Rojos (RGR), Recuento de Glóbulos Blancos (RGB), Hematocrito (Hcto), Volumen Globular Medio (VGM) y Recuento Diferencial de Leucocitos. Fueron medidos el largo curvo del caparazón (LCC) y ancho curvo de caparazón (ACC) con el fin de estimar el grupo etáreo de los animales. Los valores promedios de los parámetros hematológicos fueron RGR (0,42 × 10(6)µL), RGB (6,16 × 10³µL), Hcto (29,40%), VGM (730,17 fL). El recuento diferencial de leucocitos fue: Heterófilos (82,9%-5,1023 × 10³/µL), Linfocitos (14,7%-0,9081 × 10³/µL), Eosinófilos (0,47%-0,0236 × 10³/µL), Monocitos (1,97%-0,1259 × 10³/µL). Estos resultados coinciden con los intervalos de referencia documentados para la especie. La variabilidad en algunos de los parámetros evaluados podría ser atribuida a factores como edad, sexo, estado reproductivo, estrés, temperatura, técnicas de captura y métodos de análisis.

The green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is probably the more well-known sea turtle due to its historical food value and significant amount of research that has been for its conservation,is declared national and internationally as an endangered species of Extinction. In order to determine reference hematological values for Ch. mydas a total of thirty turtles were captured placing nets in the line of coast from Gulf of Venezuela, high Guajira. Blood samples were taken from the dorsal cervical sinuses in all the animals. Red Blood Cell (RBC), White Blood Cell (WBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), differential count of leukocytes were measured. The curved carapace length (CCL) and curved carapace width (CCW) were measured in order to estimate the turtles´age. The values averages of the hematological parameters were RBC (0.42 × 10(6)µL), WBC (6.16 × 10³µL), PCV (29.40%), MCV (730.17 fL), Heterophils (82.9%-5.1023 × 10³/µL), Lymphocytes (14.7%-0.9081 × 10³/µL), Eosinophils (0.47%-0.0236 × 10³/µL), Monocytes (1.97%-0.1259 × 10³/µL). These results coincide with the reference intervals documented for the species. The variability in some of the parameters evaluated could be attributed to factors as age, sex, reproductive state, stress, temperature, capture technique and analysis methods.